async_event_channel.hpp

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#pragma once
 
/// @file userver/concurrent/async_event_channel.hpp
/// @brief @copybrief concurrent::AsyncEventChannel
 
#include <functional>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <typeindex>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>
 
#include <userver/concurrent/async_event_source.hpp>
#include <userver/concurrent/variable.hpp>
#include <userver/engine/mutex.hpp>
#include <userver/engine/task/cancel.hpp>
#include <userver/engine/task/task_with_result.hpp>
#include <userver/utils/assert.hpp>
#include <userver/utils/async.hpp>
 
USERVER_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
namespace concurrent {
 
namespace impl {
 
void WaitForTask(std::string_view name, engine::TaskWithResult<void>& task);
 
[[noreturn]] void ReportAlreadySubscribed(std::string_view channel_name, std::string_view listener_name);
 
void ReportNotSubscribed(std::string_view channel_name) noexcept;
 
void ReportUnsubscribingAutomatically(std::string_view channel_name, std::string_view listener_name) noexcept;
 
void ReportErrorWhileUnsubscribing(
    std::string_view channel_name,
    std::string_view listener_name,
    std::string_view error
) noexcept;
 
std::string MakeAsyncChannelName(std::string_view base, std::string_view name);
 
inline constexpr bool kCheckSubscriptionUB = utils::impl::kEnableAssert;
 
// During the `AsyncEventSubscriberScope::Unsubscribe` call or destruction of
// `AsyncEventSubscriberScope`, all variables used by callback must be valid
// (must not be destroyed). A common cause of crashes in this place: there is no
// manual call to `Unsubscribe`. In this case check the declaration order of the
// struct fields.
template <typename Func>
void CheckDataUsedByCallbackHasNotBeenDestroyedBeforeUnsubscribing(
    std::function<void(Func&)>& on_listener_removal,
    Func& listener_func,
    std::string_view channel_name,
    std::string_view listener_name
) noexcept {
    if (!on_listener_removal) return;
    try {
        on_listener_removal(listener_func);
    } catch (const std::exception& e) {
        ReportErrorWhileUnsubscribing(channel_name, listener_name, e.what());
    }
}
 
}  // namespace impl
 
/// @ingroup userver_concurrency
///
/// AsyncEventChannel is an in-process pub-sub with strict FIFO serialization,
/// i.e. only after the event was processed a new event may appear for
/// processing, same listener is never called concurrently.
///
/// Example usage:
/// @snippet concurrent/async_event_channel_test.cpp  AsyncEventChannel sample
template <typename... Args>
class AsyncEventChannel : public AsyncEventSource<Args...> {
public:
    using Function = typename AsyncEventSource<Args...>::Function;
    using OnRemoveCallback = std::function<void(Function&)>;
 
    /// @brief The primary constructor
    /// @param name used for diagnostic purposes and is also accessible with Name
    explicit AsyncEventChannel(std::string_view name) : name_(name), data_(ListenersData{{}, {}}) {}
 
    /// @brief The constructor with `AsyncEventSubscriberScope` usage checking.
    ///
    /// The constructor with a callback that is called on listener removal. The
    /// callback takes a reference to `Function` as input. This is useful for
    /// checking the lifetime of data captured by the listener update function.
    ///
    /// @note Works only in debug mode.
    ///
    /// @warning Data captured by `on_listener_removal` function must be valid
    /// until the `AsyncEventChannel` object is completely destroyed.
    ///
    /// Example usage:
    /// @snippet concurrent/async_event_channel_test.cpp OnListenerRemoval sample
    ///
    /// @param name used for diagnostic purposes and is also accessible with Name
    /// @param on_listener_removal the callback used for check
    ///
    /// @see impl::CheckDataUsedByCallbackHasNotBeenDestroyedBeforeUnsubscribing
    AsyncEventChannel(std::string_view name, OnRemoveCallback on_listener_removal)
        : name_(name), data_(ListenersData{{}, std::move(on_listener_removal)}) {}
 
    /// @brief For use in `UpdateAndListen` of specific event channels
    ///
    /// Atomically calls `updater`, which should invoke `func` with the previously
    /// sent event, and subscribes to new events as if using AddListener.
    ///
    /// @param id the subscriber class instance, see also a simpler `DoUpdateAndListen` overload below
    /// @param name the name of the subscriber
    /// @param func the callback that is called on each update
    /// @param updater the initial `() -> void` callback that should call `func` with the current value
    ///
    /// @see AsyncEventSource::AddListener
    template <typename UpdaterFunc>
    AsyncEventSubscriberScope
    DoUpdateAndListen(FunctionId id, std::string_view name, Function&& func, UpdaterFunc&& updater) {
        const std::lock_guard lock(event_mutex_);
        std::forward<UpdaterFunc>(updater)();
        return DoAddListener(id, name, std::move(func));
    }
 
    /// @overload
    template <typename Class, typename UpdaterFunc>
    AsyncEventSubscriberScope
    DoUpdateAndListen(Class* obj, std::string_view name, void (Class::*func)(Args...), UpdaterFunc&& updater) {
        return DoUpdateAndListen(
            FunctionId(obj),
            name,
            [obj, func](Args... args) { (obj->*func)(args...); },
            std::forward<UpdaterFunc>(updater)
        );
    }
 
    /// Send the next event and wait until all the listeners process it.
    ///
    /// Strict FIFO serialization is guaranteed, i.e. only after this event is
    /// processed a new event may be delivered for the subscribers, same
    /// listener/subscriber is never called concurrently.
    void SendEvent(Args... args) const {
        const std::lock_guard lock(event_mutex_);
        auto data = data_.Lock();
        auto& listeners = data->listeners;
 
        std::vector<engine::TaskWithResult<void>> tasks;
        tasks.reserve(listeners.size());
 
        for (const auto& [_, listener] : listeners) {
            tasks.push_back(utils::Async(listener.task_name, [&, &callback = listener.callback] { callback(args...); })
            );
        }
 
        std::size_t i = 0;
        for (const auto& [_, listener] : listeners) {
            impl::WaitForTask(listener.name, tasks[i++]);
        }
    }
 
    /// @returns the name of this event channel
    const std::string& Name() const noexcept { return name_; }
 
private:
    struct Listener final {
        std::string name;
        Function callback;
        std::string task_name;
    };
 
    struct ListenersData final {
        std::unordered_map<FunctionId, Listener, FunctionId::Hash> listeners;
        OnRemoveCallback on_listener_removal;
    };
 
    void RemoveListener(FunctionId id, UnsubscribingKind kind) noexcept final {
        const engine::TaskCancellationBlocker blocker;
        auto data = data_.Lock();
        auto& listeners = data->listeners;
        const auto iter = listeners.find(id);
 
        if (iter == listeners.end()) {
            impl::ReportNotSubscribed(Name());
            return;
        }
 
        if (kind == UnsubscribingKind::kAutomatic) {
            if (!data->on_listener_removal) {
                impl::ReportUnsubscribingAutomatically(name_, iter->second.name);
            }
 
            if constexpr (impl::kCheckSubscriptionUB) {
                // Fake listener call to check
                impl::CheckDataUsedByCallbackHasNotBeenDestroyedBeforeUnsubscribing(
                    data->on_listener_removal, iter->second.callback, name_, iter->second.name
                );
            }
        }
        listeners.erase(iter);
    }
 
    AsyncEventSubscriberScope DoAddListener(FunctionId id, std::string_view name, Function&& func) final {
        auto data = data_.Lock();
        auto& listeners = data->listeners;
        auto task_name = impl::MakeAsyncChannelName(name_, name);
        const auto [iterator, success] =
            listeners.emplace(id, Listener{std::string{name}, std::move(func), std::move(task_name)});
        if (!success) impl::ReportAlreadySubscribed(Name(), name);
        return AsyncEventSubscriberScope(utils::impl::InternalTag{}, *this, id);
    }
 
    const std::string name_;
    concurrent::Variable<ListenersData> data_;
    mutable engine::Mutex event_mutex_;
};
 
}  // namespace concurrent
 
USERVER_NAMESPACE_END