ip.hpp

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#pragma once
 
/// @file userver/utils/ip.hpp
/// @brief IPv4 and IPv6 addresses and networks
 
#include <array>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <exception>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <system_error>
#include <vector>
 
#include <sys/socket.h>
 
#include <fmt/format.h>
 
#include <userver/compiler/impl/lifetime.hpp>
#include <userver/utils/zstring_view.hpp>
 
USERVER_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
/// @brief IP address parsing, formatting, and related utilities.
namespace utils::ip {
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief Base class for IPv4/IPv6 addresses
template <std::size_t N>
class AddressBase final {
    static_assert(N == 4 || N == 16, "Address can only be 4 or 16 bytes size");
 
public:
    static constexpr std::size_t kAddressSize = N;
    using BytesType = std::array<unsigned char, N>;
 
    AddressBase() noexcept : address_({0}) {}
    explicit AddressBase(const BytesType& address)
        : address_(address)
    {}
 
    /// @brief Get the address in bytes, in network byte order.
    const BytesType& GetBytes() const noexcept USERVER_IMPL_LIFETIME_BOUND { return address_; }
 
    friend bool operator==(const AddressBase<N>& a1, const AddressBase<N>& a2) noexcept {
        return a1.address_ == a2.address_;
    }
 
    friend bool operator!=(const AddressBase<N>& a1, const AddressBase<N>& a2) noexcept {
        return a1.address_ != a2.address_;
    }
 
private:
    BytesType address_;
};
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief IPv4 address in network bytes order
using AddressV4 = AddressBase<4>;
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief IPv6 address in network bytes order
using AddressV6 = AddressBase<16>;
 
template <typename T>
concept IsAddressType = std::is_same_v<T, AddressV4> || std::is_same_v<T, AddressV6>;
 
/// @brief Create an IPv4 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
/// @throw AddressSystemError
AddressV4 AddressV4FromString(utils::zstring_view str);
 
/// @brief Create an IPv6 address from an IP address string in dotted decimal form.
AddressV6 AddressV6FromString(utils::zstring_view str);
 
/// @brief Get the address as a string in dotted decimal format.
std::string AddressV4ToString(const AddressV4& address);
 
/// @brief Get the address as a string in dotted decimal format.
std::string AddressV6ToString(const AddressV6& address);
 
/// @brief Returns true if `host` is an IPv4 or IPv6 address.
bool IsIpAddress(std::string_view host) noexcept;
 
/// @brief Same as @ref IsIpAddress, but slightly faster.
bool IsNulTerminatedIpAddress(utils::zstring_view host) noexcept;
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief Base class for IPv4/IPv6 network
template <IsAddressType Address>
class NetworkBase final {
public:
    using AddressType = Address;
    static constexpr unsigned char kMaximumPrefixLength = std::is_same_v<Address, AddressV4> ? 32 : 128;
 
    NetworkBase() noexcept = default;
 
    NetworkBase(const AddressType& address, unsigned short prefix_length)
        : address_(address),
          prefix_length_(prefix_length)
    {
        if (prefix_length > kMaximumPrefixLength) {
            throw std::out_of_range(fmt::format(
                "{} prefix length is too large",
                std::is_same_v<Address, AddressV4> ? "NetworkV4" : "NetworkV6"
            ));
        }
    }
 
    /// @brief Get the address address of network
    AddressType GetAddress() const noexcept { return address_; }
 
    /// @brief Get prefix length of address network
    unsigned char GetPrefixLength() const noexcept { return prefix_length_; }
 
    /// @brief Returns true if the address is in network
    bool ContainsAddress(const AddressType& address) const {
        const auto network_bytes = address_.GetBytes();
        const auto address_bytes = address.GetBytes();
 
        std::uint8_t diff = 0;
        for (std::size_t byte_index = 0; byte_index < kMaximumPrefixLength / 8; ++byte_index) {
            std::uint8_t mask_byte = 0;
            if (byte_index == prefix_length_ / 8) {
                mask_byte = ~((1 << (8 - prefix_length_ % 8)) - 1);
            }
            if (byte_index < prefix_length_ / 8) {
                mask_byte = 255;
            }
 
            diff |= (network_bytes[byte_index] ^ address_bytes[byte_index]) & mask_byte;
        }
        return !diff;
    }
 
    friend bool operator==(const NetworkBase<Address>& a, const NetworkBase<Address>& b) noexcept {
        return a.address_ == b.address_ && a.prefix_length_ == b.prefix_length_;
    }
 
private:
    AddressType address_;
    unsigned char prefix_length_ = 0;
};
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief IPv4 network.
using NetworkV4 = NetworkBase<AddressV4>;
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief IPv6 network.
using NetworkV6 = NetworkBase<AddressV6>;
 
///@brief Create an IPv4 network from a string containing IP address and prefix
/// length.
/// @throw std::invalid_argument, AddressSystemError
NetworkV4 NetworkV4FromString(std::string_view str);
 
/// @brief Create an IPv6 network from a string containing IP address and prefix
/// length.
NetworkV6 NetworkV6FromString(std::string_view str);
 
///@brief Get the network as an address in dotted decimal format.
std::string NetworkV4ToString(const NetworkV4& network);
 
/// @brief Get the network as an address in dotted decimal format.
std::string NetworkV6ToString(const NetworkV6& network);
 
/// @brief Convert NetworkV4 to CIDR format
NetworkV4 TransformToCidrFormat(NetworkV4 network);
 
/// @brief Convert NetworkV4 to CIDR format
NetworkV6 TransformToCidrFormat(NetworkV6 network);
 
/// @ingroup userver_containers
///
/// @brief INET IPv4/IPv4 network
/// @warning InetNetwork class is deprecated. You should use InetNetwork class
/// via transformation function to/from NetworkV4/NetworkV6.
/// Use this class only if you need to work with INET PostgreSQL format.
class InetNetwork final {
public:
    enum class AddressFamily : unsigned char { kIPv4 = AF_INET, kIPv6 = AF_INET6 };
 
    // Default constructor: IPv4 address
    InetNetwork();
    InetNetwork(std::vector<unsigned char>&& bytes, unsigned char prefix_length, AddressFamily address_family);
 
    /// @brief Get the address in bytes
    const std::vector<unsigned char>& GetBytes() const noexcept USERVER_IMPL_LIFETIME_BOUND { return bytes_; }
 
    /// @brief Get the prefix length of network
    unsigned char GetPrefixLength() const noexcept { return prefix_length_; }
 
    /// @brief Get the address family
    AddressFamily GetAddressFamily() const noexcept { return address_family_; }
 
    friend bool operator==(const InetNetwork& lhs, const InetNetwork& rhs) {
        return lhs.address_family_ == rhs.address_family_ && lhs.prefix_length_ == rhs.prefix_length_ &&
               lhs.bytes_ == rhs.bytes_;
    }
 
    friend bool operator!=(const InetNetwork& lhs, const InetNetwork& rhs) { return !operator==(lhs, rhs); }
 
private:
    std::vector<unsigned char> bytes_;
    unsigned char prefix_length_;
    AddressFamily address_family_;
};
 
/// @brief Convert InetNetwork to NetworkV4
NetworkV4 NetworkV4FromInetNetwork(const InetNetwork& inet_network);
 
/// @brief Convert InetNetwork to NetworkV6
NetworkV6 NetworkV6FromInetNetwork(const InetNetwork& inet_network);
 
/// @brief Convert NetworkV4 to InetNetwork
InetNetwork NetworkV4ToInetNetwork(const NetworkV4& network);
 
/// @brief Convert NetworkV6 to InetNetwork
InetNetwork NetworkV6ToInetNetwork(const NetworkV6& network);
 
/// @brief Invalid network or address
class AddressSystemError final : public std::exception {
public:
    AddressSystemError(std::error_code code, std::string_view msg)
        : msg_(msg),
          code_(code)
    {}
 
    /// Operating system error code.
    const std::error_code& Code() const { return code_; }
 
    const char* what() const noexcept final { return msg_.c_str(); }
 
private:
    std::string msg_;
    std::error_code code_;
};
 
}  // namespace utils::ip
 
USERVER_NAMESPACE_END